浙江 2020 · 数学 q21

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浙江 2020 · 数学 q21 原卷截图(含答案)

文字转写(题面 + 官方解析)

题面

21.如图,已知椭圆C1 ⁣:x22+y2=1C_{1} \colon \frac{x^{2}}{2} \substack{+ y^{2} = 1},抛物线C2 ⁣: y2=2px(p>0)C_{2} \colon \ - y^{2}{=} 2 p x \left( p {>} 0 \right),点A是椭圆C1与抛物线C2的交点,过点A的直线l交椭圆C1于点B,交抛物线C2于M(B,M不同于A)

(Ⅰ)若p=116p {=} \frac{1}{1 6},求抛物线C2的焦点坐标;

(Ⅱ)若存在不过原点的直线l使M为线段AB的中点,求p的最大值

(Ⅱ)若存在不过原点的直线l使M为线段AB的中点,求p的最大值

解析

分析

(Ⅰ)直接由抛物线的定义求出焦点坐标即可;

(Ⅱ)设直线方程y=kx+t,A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),M (x0, y0)M \ ( x_{0} , \ y_{0} ),由{x22+y2=1\left\{\frac{{x}^{2}}{2} + {y}^{2} = 1 \right.

根据韦达定理定理求出M (2kt1+2k2, t1+2k2)M \ ( - \frac{2 \mathrm{k t}}{1 + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2}} , \ \frac{\mathrm{t}}{1 + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2}} ),可得p,再由{y2=2pxy=kx+t\left\{\begin{array}{l l}{y^{2} = 2 p x} \\ {y = k x + t} \end{array} \right.,求出点 A的 坐 标 , 代 入 椭 圆 方 程 可 得t2=8k6(1+2k2)2+2k2t^{2} = \frac{8 \mathrm{k}^{6}}{( 1 + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2} )^{2} + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2}}, 化 简 整 理 得p^{2} =$$\frac{k^{4}}{2 ( 1 + 2 \operatorname{k}^{2} )^{2} \bullet[( 1 + 2 \operatorname{k}^{2} )^{2} + 2 \operatorname{k}^{2}]} ,,利用基本不等式即可求出p的最大值解:(Ⅰ)p=116p {=} \frac{1}{1 6},则p2=132{\frac{p}{2}} = {\frac{1}{3 2}},则抛物线C 的焦点坐标(132, 0)( {\frac{1}{3 2}} , \ 0 )(Ⅱ)直线l与x轴垂直时,此时点M与点A或点B重合,不满足题意,设直线l的方程为y=kx+t,A(x1, y1),B(x2, y2),M(x0, y0)y = k x + t , A ( x_{1} , \ y_{1} ) , B ( x_{2} , \ y_{2} ) , M ( x_{0} , \ y_{0} ){x22+y2=1\left\{\frac{{x}^{2}}{2} + {y}^{2} = 1 \right.,消y可得( 2 k^{2} + 1 ) \ x^{2} + 4 k t y + 2 t^{2} - 2 = 0$$\therefore \triangle = 1 6 k^{2} t^{2} - 4 \left( 2 k^{2} + 1 \right) ( 2 t^{2} - 2 ) \geqslant 0 , \Re{\mid} t^{2} < 1 + 2 k^{2} ,$$\therefore x_{1} + x_{2} = - {\frac{4 \mathrm{k t}}{1 + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2}}} , \therefore x_{0} = {\frac{1}{2}} ( x_{1} + x_{2} ) = - {\frac{2 \mathrm{k t}}{1 + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2}}} ,$$\therefore y_{0} = k x_{0} + t = \frac{1}{1 + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2}} , \ : \ : \therefore M \ : \ : ( \ : - \frac{2 \mathrm{k t}}{1 + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2}} , \ : \frac{\ : \ : \mathrm{t}}{1 + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2}} ) ,∵点M在抛物线C_{2} \perp , \enspace \enspace \therefore y^{2}{=} 2 p x$$\therefore p = {\frac{{\underline{{\gamma}}}^{2}}{2 x}} = {\frac{{\overline{{( 1 + 2 \operatorname{k}^{2} )^{2}}}}}{2 \cdot{\frac{- 2 \operatorname{k t}}{1 + 2 \operatorname{k}^{2}}}}} = {\frac{\mathrm{t}}{- 4 k ( 1 + 2 \operatorname{k}^{2} )}} ,联立{y2=2pxy=kx+t\left\{\begin{array}{l l}{y^{2} = 2 p x} \\ {y = k x + t} \end{array} \right.,解得x1=t(1+2k2)2k3, y1=t22k2,x_{1} = {\frac{\operatorname{t} ( 1 + 2 \operatorname{k}^{2} )}{- 2 \operatorname{k}^{3}}} , \ y_{1} = {\frac{\operatorname{t}^{2}}{- 2 \operatorname{k}^{2}}} ,代入椭圆方程可得 t2(1+2k2)28k6+ t24k4=1\frac{\ t^{2} ( 1 + 2 \operatorname{k}^{2} )^{2}}{8 \operatorname{k}^{6}} + \frac{\ t^{2}}{4 \operatorname{k}^{4}} = 1,解得t^{2} = \frac{8 {\mathrm{k}}^{6}}{( 1 + 2 {\mathrm{k}}^{2} )^{2} + 2 {\mathrm{k}}^{2}}$$\therefore p^{2} = {\frac{{\mathrm{t}}^{2}}{1 6 {\mathrm{k}}^{2} ( 1 + 2 {\mathrm{k}}^{2} )^{2}}}{=}{\frac{8 {\mathrm{k}}^{6}}{1 6 {\mathrm{k}}^{2} ( 1 + 2 {\mathrm{k}}^{2} )^{2}{\bullet}[( 1 + 2 {\mathrm{k}}^{2} )^{2} + 2 {\mathrm{k}}^{2}]}}$$= \frac{\mathrm{k^{4}}}{2 \left( 1 + 2 \mathrm{k^{2}} \right)^{2} \bullet[\left( 1 + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2} \right)^{2} + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2}]} \leqslant \frac{\mathrm{k^{4}}}{2 ( 2 \sqrt{2} \mathrm{k} )^{2}[\left( 2 \sqrt{2} \mathrm{k} \right)^{2} + 2 \mathrm{k}^{2}]} = \frac{1}{1 6 0} ,$$\therefore p {\leqslant} \frac{\sqrt{1 0}}{4 0},当且仅当1=2k21 = 2 k^{2},即k2=12,t2=15k^{2}{=} \frac{1}{2} , t^{2}{=} \frac{1}{5}时等号成立,故p的最大值为1040\frac{\sqrt{1 0}}{4 0}