浙江 2015 · 数学 q19

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浙江 2015 · 数学 q19 原卷截图(含答案)

文字转写(题面 + 官方解析)

题面

19.(15分)(2015•浙江)已知椭圆x22+y2=1\frac{x^{2}}{2} + y^{2} = 1上两个不同的点A,B关于直线y=mx+12\mathrm{y} = \mathrm{m x} + \frac{1}{2}对称

(1)求实数m的取值范围;

(2)求△AOB面积的最大值(O为坐标原点)

解析

分析

(1)由题意,可设直线AB的方程为x=my+n\mathrm{x} = - \mathrm{m y} + \mathrm{n},代入椭圆方程可得(m2+2)y22mny+n22=0( m^{2} + 2 ) y^{2} - 2 m n y + n^{2} - 2 = 0,设A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2)A ( x_{1} , \ y_{1} ) , \ B ( x_{2} , \ y_{2} ).可得>0\triangle > 0,设线段AB的中点P(x0,y0)\mathrm{P} ( \mathrm{x}_{0} , \mathrm{y}_{0} ),利用中点坐标公式及其根与系数的可得P,代入直线y=mx+12\mathrm{y} = \mathrm{m x} + \frac{1}{2},可得n=m2+22m\mathrm{n} = - \frac{\mathrm{m}^{2} + 2}{2 \mathrm{m}},代入>0\triangle > 0,即可解出.

(2)直线AB与x轴交点横坐标为n,可得SΔOAB=12ny1y2S_{\Delta \mathrm{O A B}} = \frac{1}{2} | n | \mid y_{1} - y_{2} \mid,再利用均值不等式即可得出

解答

解:(1)由题意,可设直线AB的方程为x=my+n\mathrm{x} = - \mathrm{m y} + \mathrm{n},代入椭圆方程x22+y2=1\frac{x^{2}}{2} + y^{2} = 1,可得(m2+2)y22mny+n22=0( m^{2} + 2 ) y^{2} - 2 \mathrm{m n y} + n^{2} - 2 = 0

A(x1,y1)A ( x_{1} , y_{1} ),B(x2,y2)( x_{2} , y_{2} ).由题意,Δ=4m2n24(m2+2)(n22)=8(m2n2+2)>0\Delta = 4 \mathrm{m}^{2} \mathrm{n}^{2} - 4 ( \mathrm{m}^{2} + 2 ) ( \mathrm{n}^{2} - 2 ) = 8 ( \mathrm{m}^{2} - \mathrm{n}^{2} + 2 ) > 0

设线段AB的中点P(x0,y0)\mathrm{P} ( \mathrm{x}_{0} , \mathrm{y}_{0} ),则y0=y1+y22=mnm2+2y_{0} = \frac{y_{1} + y_{2}}{2} = \frac{\mathrm{m n}}{\mathrm{m}^{2} + 2}x0=m×mnm2+2+n=2nm2+2\mathrm{x}_{0} = - \mathrm{m} \times \frac{\mathrm{m n}}{\mathrm{m}^{2} + 2} + \mathrm{n} = \frac{2 \mathrm{n}}{\mathrm{m}^{2} + 2}

由于点P在直线y=mx+12\mathrm{y} = \mathrm{m x} + \frac{1}{2}上,mnm2+2=2mnm2+2+12\therefore \frac{\mathrm{m n}}{\mathrm{m}^{2} + 2} = \frac{2 \mathrm{m n}}{\mathrm{m}^{2} + 2} + \frac{1}{2}

n=m2+22m\therefore n = - \frac{m^{2} + 2}{2 m},代入>0\triangle > 0,可得3m4+4m24>03 \mathrm{m}^{4} + 4 \mathrm{m}^{2} - 4 > 0

解得m2>23\mathrm{m}^{2} > \frac{2}{3}m<63\therefore \mathrm{m} < - \frac{\sqrt{6}}{3}m>63\mathrm{m} > \frac{\sqrt{6}}{3}

(2)直线AB与x轴交点纵坐标为n,

SΔOAB=12ny1y2=12n8(m2n2+2)m2+2=2n2(m2n2+2)(m2+2)2\therefore \mathrm{S}_{\Delta \mathrm{O A B}} = \frac{1}{2} | \mathrm{n} | | \mathrm{y}_{1} - \mathrm{y}_{2} | = \frac{1}{2} | \mathrm{n} | \bullet \frac{\sqrt{8 ( \mathrm{m}^{2} - \mathrm{n}^{2} + 2 )}}{\mathrm{m}^{2} + 2} = \sqrt{2} \sqrt{\frac{\mathrm{n}^{2} ( \mathrm{m}^{2} - \mathrm{n}^{2} + 2 )}{( \mathrm{m}^{2} + 2 )^{2}}}

由均值不等式可得:n2(m2n2+2)(n2+m2n2+22)2=(m2+2)24n^{2} ( \mathrm{m}^{2} - n^{2} + 2 ) \leqslant ( \frac{\mathrm{n}^{2} + \mathrm{m}^{2} - \mathrm{n}^{2} + 2}{2} )^{2} = \frac{( \mathrm{m}^{2} + 2 )^{2}}{4}

SΔAOB2×14=22\therefore \mathrm{S}_{\Delta \mathrm{A O B}} \leqslant \sqrt{2} \times \sqrt{\frac{1}{4}} = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2},当且仅当n2=m2n2+2n^{2} = m^{2} - n^{2} + 2,即2n2=m2+22 \mathrm{n}^{2} = \mathrm{m}^{2} + 2,又n=m2+22m\because n = - \frac{m^{2} + 2}{2 m},解得

m=±2\mathrm{m} = \pm \sqrt{2},当且仅当m=±2\mathrm{m} = \pm \sqrt{2}时,SΔAOB\mathrm{S_{\Delta A O B}}取得最大值为22\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}