浙江 2015 · 数学 q15

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题解图(原卷截图 · 含答案与官方解析)

浙江 2015 · 数学 q15 原卷截图(含答案)

文字转写(题面 + 答案 + 官方解析)

题面

15.(6分)(2015•浙江)已知e1\overrightarrow{e_{1}}e2\overrightarrow{e_{2}}是空间单位向量,e1e2=12\overrightarrow{e_{1}} \cdot \overrightarrow{e_{2}} = \frac{1}{2},若空间向量b\overrightarrow{b}满足be1=2,be2=52\overrightarrow{b} \cdot \overrightarrow{e_{1}} = 2 , \overrightarrow{b} \cdot \overrightarrow{e_{2}} = \frac{5}{2},且对于任意x,yRy \in R

b(xe1+ye2)b(x0e1+y0e2)=1(x0,y0R)\left| \overrightarrow{b} - \left(x \overrightarrow{e_{1}} + y \overrightarrow{e_{2}}\right)\right| \geqslant \left| \overrightarrow{b} - \left(x_{0} \overrightarrow{e_{1}} + y_{0} \overrightarrow{e_{2}}\right)\right| = 1 \left(x_{0}, y_{0} \in R\right)

则 x0=,y0=,b=\vert \overrightarrow{b} \vert =

答案

1;2;222 \sqrt{2}

解析

分析

由题意和数量积的运算可得<e1e2>=π3< \overrightarrow{e_{1}} \cdot \overrightarrow{e_{2}} > = \frac{\pi}{3},不妨设e1=(12,32,0),e2=(1,0,0)\overrightarrow{e_{1}} = ( \frac{1}{2} , \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} , 0 ) , \overrightarrow{e_{2}} = ( 1 , 0 , 0 ),由已知可解b=(52,32,t)\overrightarrow{b} = ( \frac{5}{2} , \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} , t ),可得b(xe1+ye2)2=(x+y42)2+34(y2)2+t2| \overrightarrow{b} - ( x \overrightarrow{e_{1}} + y \overrightarrow{e_{2}} ) |^{2} = ( x + \frac{y - 4}{2} )^{2} + \frac{3}{4} ( y - 2 )^{2} + t^{2},由题意可得当x=x0=1,y=y0=2x = x_{0} = 1 , y = y_{0} = 2时,(x+y42)2+34(y2)2+t2( x + \frac{y - 4}{2} )^{2} + \frac{3}{4} ( y - 2 )^{2} + t^{2}取最小值1,由模长公式可得b| \overrightarrow{b} |

解答

解:e1e2=e1e2cos<e1e2>=cos<e1e2>=12\because \overrightarrow{e_{1}} \cdot \overrightarrow{e_{2}} = | \overrightarrow{e_{1}} | | \overrightarrow{e_{2}} | \cos < \overrightarrow{e_{1}} \cdot \overrightarrow{e_{2}} > = \cos < \overrightarrow{e_{1}} \cdot \overrightarrow{e_{2}} > = \frac{1}{2}

<e1e2>=π3\therefore < \overrightarrow{e_{1}} \cdot \overrightarrow{e_{2}} > = \frac{\pi}{3},不妨设e1=(12,32,0),e2=(1,0,0),b=(m,n,t)\overrightarrow{e_{1}} = ( \frac{1}{2} , \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} , 0 ) , \overrightarrow{e_{2}} = ( 1 , 0 , 0 ) , \overrightarrow{b} = ( \mathrm{m} , \mathrm{n} , \mathrm{t} )

则由题意可知be1=12m+32n=2,be2=m=52\overrightarrow{b} \cdot \overrightarrow{e_{1}} = \frac{1}{2} m + \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} n = 2 , \overrightarrow{b} \cdot \overrightarrow{e_{2}} = m = \frac{5}{2},解得m=52,n=32m = \frac{5}{2} , n = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}b=(52,32,t)\therefore \overrightarrow{b} = ( \frac{5}{2} , \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} , t )

b(xe1+ye2)=(5212xy, 3232x, t)\therefore \overrightarrow{b} - ( x \overrightarrow{e_{1}} + y \overrightarrow{e_{2}} ) = ( \frac{5}{2} - \frac{1}{2} x - y , \ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} x , \ t )

b(xe1+ye2)2=(5212xy)2+(3232x)2+t2\therefore | \overrightarrow{b} - ( x \overrightarrow{e_{1}} + y \overrightarrow{e_{2}} ) |^{2} = ( \frac{5}{2} - \frac{1}{2} x - y )^{2} + ( \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} - \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} x )^{2} + t^{2}

=x2+xy+y24x5y+t2+7=(x+y42)2+34(y2)2+t2= x^{2} + x y + y^{2} - 4 x - 5 y + t^{2} + 7 = ( x + \frac{y - 4}{2} )^{2} + \frac{3}{4} ( y - 2 )^{2} + t^{2}

由题意当x=x0=1,y=y0=2x = x_{0} = 1 , y = y_{0} = 2时,(x+y42)2+34(y2)2+t2( \mathrm{x} + \frac{\mathrm{y} - 4}{2} )^{2} + \frac{3}{4} ( \mathrm{y} - 2 )^{2} + \mathrm{t}^{2}取最小值1,

此时t2=1\mathrm{t}^{2} = 1,故b=(52)2+(32)2+t2=22\vert \overrightarrow{b} \vert = \sqrt{( \frac{5}{2} )^{2} + ( \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} )^{2} + t^{2}} = 2 \sqrt{2}

故答案为:1;2;222 \sqrt{2}